8 Mafunso Aukadaulo Apamwamba Okhudza Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo ndi Kusanthula Kulephera

Mu voliyumu yapitayi, tidafotokozera mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri zofunika kuphatikiza chiŵerengero cha slenderness, diaphragm effect, kumeta ubweya wa ubweya ndi malire a deflection, kuyang'ana pamitu yofunikira monga kukhazikika kwa mamembala, kusamutsa katundu ndi gulu la zigawo.

Monga buku lachiwiri la akatswiriwazitsulo kapangidweMndandanda wa Q&A, nkhaniyi ikupitilira zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu ndikuwunikira mozama mumitu yapadera yomwe ikukhudzana ndi njira zamapangidwe, zida zakuthupi ndi njira zolephereka, kuphatikiza kapangidwe ka pulasitiki, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za post-buckling, kusanthula kwa dongosolo lachiwiri, zotsatira za Bauschinger ndi kuwonongeka kwa brittle.

Q1. Kodi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yopangira pulasitiki ndi chiyani?

Njira yopangira pulasitiki imagwira ntchito kuzinthu zachitsulo zosasinthika. Pamene kupsyinjika kwa madera omwe adasankhidwa kale a mamembala apangidwe kufika pa mphamvu yokolola yachitsulo, ma hinges apulasitiki adzapanga, zomwe zidzatheketsa kugawanso mphamvu mkati mwa dongosolo lonse. Kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuyenera kuchitidwa powerengetsera popewa kupangika kwa makina osinthika kapena kupunduka kopitilira muyeso.

Q2. Kusiyana Kwamagwiridwe Pakati Pa Makona A Pamakona ndi Ma Brace A Diagonal

Zingwe zamakona zimakhala ngati zothandizira kunja kwa ndege kuti ziteteze kukhazikika kwapadziko lonse kwa zitsulo zachitsulo; ma diagonal braces amatengedwa kuti azitha kuwongolera mbali zonse za kapangidwe kake.

Q3. Tanthauzo la Ndege Yolimba Kwambiri

Ndege yomwe gawolo limazungulira kuzungulira kwake kwakukulu kumatanthauzidwa ngati ndege yolimba kwambiri. Zigawo zambiri zachitsulo zimakhala ndi nkhwangwa zazikulu ziwiri zapakati: olamulira akulu okhala ndi mphindi yokulirapo ya inertia ndi axis yaying'ono yokhala ndi mphindi yaying'ono ya inertia.

Q4. Lingaliro la Mphamvu Pambuyo pa Buckling

Pamene buckling yakomweko ichitika pa intaneti ya membala wosinthika, gawolo silingataye mphamvu yake yonyamulira katundu nthawi yomweyo, ndipo magwiridwe ena otsalira amatha kusungidwa. Lingaliro la kapangidwe kamene kamagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotsalira zotere imadziwika kuti njira yopangira potengera mphamvu zapaintaneti za post-buckling.

Q5. Kufotokozera kwa Second Order Moment ndi Second Order Elastoplastic Analysis

Kusanthula kwa mzere kumanyalanyaza nthawi yowonjezera yopindika yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kupunduka kwamapangidwe. Mosiyana ndi izi, kusanthula kwadongosolo lachiwiri (kusanthula kwa geometric nonlinear) kumaganiziranso nthawi yopindika yowonjezera yomwe imapangidwa ndi kusinthika kwamapangidwe pansi pa katundu, pomwe ubale pakati pa katundu ndi kupunduka umapereka mawonekedwe osagwirizana. Pazifukwa izi, kusanthula kwadongosolo lachiwiri la elastoplastic kumaphatikizanso zinthu zosagwirizana ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zitatha kuwerengetsa mawerengedwe apadziko lonse lapansi.

Q6. Kodi Bauschinger Effect ndi chiyani?

Chitsulo chikachulukidwa mwamphamvu kuti chipangitse kupunduka kwa pulasitiki ndikutsitsa, mphamvu yake yotulutsa imachepa ndikutsitsa motsatizanatsatizana, ndipo kupunduka kosasinthika kwapulasitiki kosasinthika kumatsalira pambuyo potsitsa. Katunduyu amatchedwa Bauschinger effect.

Q7. Njira Yopangira Kung'amba kwa Lamellar

Kupsyinjika kotsalira kumabwera chifukwa chozizirira shrinkage ya weld seams pambuyo kuwotcherera. Zitsulo zopyapyala kapena zosalephereka zimatha kukulitsa ndikulumikizana momasuka kutulutsa kupsinjika kwamkati. Komabe, mbale zokhuthala kapena mapanelo owumitsidwa amatsekeredwa ndi zigawo zoyandikana ndipo sangathe kufota momasuka, kutulutsa kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumayenderana ndi mbale. Kupsyinjika kwanuko m'madera oletsedwa kwambiri kungakhale kangapo mphamvu zokolola zachitsulo, potsirizira pake kuchititsa mbale kung'ambika motsatira makulidwe ake, komwe kumatanthauzidwa ngati kung'ambika kwa lamellar.

Q8. Ndi Mtundu Wanji wa Kulephera kwa Brittle Fracture?

Kuphulika kwa Brittle kumatanthauza kulephera kwadzidzidzi kwapangidwe popanda zowonetseratu zoonekeratu. Kupsyinjika kwenikweni pamtanda pa fracture ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu zokolola ndi mphamvu zowonongeka zachitsulo. Njira yolepherekayi imachokera ku kufalikira kosalekeza kwa zolakwika zazing'ono zamkati mkati mwazitsulo ndi kuwonjezereka kosakhazikika kwa ming'alu. Ming'alu ikafika pakukula kofunikira, imakula mwachangu kwambiri, popanda chenjezo lopunduka la pulasitiki lisanalephere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zambiri.

Mawu Otseka

Kuwunikanso mavoliyumu awiriwa: voliyumu yoyamba imayang'ana kukhazikika kwa mamembala, pomwe yachiwiri imayang'ana njira zamapangidwe ndi njira zolephera. Kuphatikizana, iwo amakhudzanso zofunikira zazikulu muzitsulo kapangidweuinjiniya: momwe mungatsimikizire kukhazikika kwa mamembala, momwe mungapangire mawerengedwe ampangidwe, ndi momwe zida zimalepherera. Zinthu zitatu zolumikizanazi zimapanga maziko a chidziwitso cha kapangidwe kazitsulo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mabuku awiriwa angathandize owerenga kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yomveka bwino, kuwalola kuti adziwe bwino za zovuta zaumisiri ndikuzindikira mwachangu njira zowunikira akakumana ndi zovuta. Owerenga ndi olandiridwa kuti alankhule ndi kukambirana mfundo zina zosokoneza zaukadaulo zomwe amakumana nazo pantchito zatsiku ndi tsiku.