Nyumba Zamakampani a "Locomotive-Style": Kodi Ofesi Yansanjika Zitatu Iyenera Kukhala Yachitsulo Kapena Konkire?

Kodi "Locomotive-Style" Industrial Building ndi chiyani?

Ndi nyumba yayikulu yokhala ndi chitsulo chansanjika imodzi yolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi nyumba ya nsanjika zitatu yomwe ili pafupi ndi iyo. Msonkhanowu uli ngati thupi la sitima, ndipo ofesi ili ngati injini ya sitima (mutu wa locomotive). Zolumikizidwa pamodzi, zimatchedwa "locomotive-style" building.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Mapangidwe Amtunduwu Anapangidwa?

M’chiganizo chimodzi: Wogula akufuna kusunga ndalama ndi kusunga malo.

Pambuyo pomanga msonkhano, mumafunikabe malo a maofesi, nthawi yopuma antchito, ndi kukumana ndi alendo. Mukamanga nyumba yosiyana ndi maofesi, zimatengera malo ambiri. Muyeneranso kusunga mtunda wofunikira wotetezera moto pakati pa nyumba ziwirizi. Zimenezo zikutanthauza maziko osiyana, makoma osiyana, ndi misewu yosiyana—zimene zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Kotero yankho lanzeru linapangidwa: kugwirizanitsa nyumba ya ofesi mwachindunji ku khoma la gable (mapeto a khoma) la msonkhanowo. Amagawana khoma limodzi, koma ali ndi ntchito zosiyana komanso njira zotulukira mwadzidzidzi. Mumapeza zonse zomwe mukufuna, ndikudula ndalama zowonjezera.

Kwa mtundu uwu wa nyumba, chitsulo kapena konkire: Kodi muyenera kusankha bwanji?

1. Msonkhano: Chosavuta Chosankha-Chitsulo Ndi Chabwino Kwambiri

● Zipatala Zazikulu—Pokhala ndi kamangidwe kabwino, masitaliko amodzi a mamita 20 mpaka 30 n’zosavuta kupanga. Mizati yochepa mkati imatanthawuza malo otseguka oyika makina ndi zida;

● Kusunga Zitsulo—Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatala zazitali zokhala ndi denga lachitsulo chopepuka kumachepetsa zitsulo zofunika pa matabwa ndi mizati. Pa bajeti yomweyi, zitsulo zimapulumutsa ndalama zambiri kuposa konkire;

● Kusungirako Maziko—Pokhala ndi mizati yocheperapo ndi kulemera kwa nyumba yopepuka, mtengo wa maziko ndi wotsika kwambiri;

● Kumanga Mwachangu—Magawo amapangidwa m’fakitale ndipo amangoikidwa pamalowo. Palibe nthawi yomangirira nsonga za rebar, formwork, kapena kuchiritsa konkire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yachangu kwambiri kuposa konkriti yoponyedwa pamalo.

Chifukwa chake, pamisonkhanoyi, mawonekedwe achitsulo amadziwika ndi aliyense ngati yankho labwino kwambiri.

2. Kusankha Kweniyeni: Ndi Mapangidwe Otani Oyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ofesi Yophatikizidwa?

3. Chitsulo kapena konkire - momwe mungasankhire

Chisankho chovuta ndi "mutu wa locomotive" (nyumba yaofesi). Nyumbayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi: pansi pang'ono (zambiri za nsanjika zitatu), zazitali zazifupi (nthawi zambiri 7 mpaka 8 metres), mulibe mizati yapakati (nthawi imodzi), ndi pansi zopepuka (zogwiritsidwa ntchito muofesi).

Ngati iyi inali nyumba yokhayokha, chimango cha konkire chikanakhala chodziwikiratu, chosavuta kusankha. Koma chifukwa chomangika ku malo opangira zitsulo, anthu nthawi zambiri amazengereza: Kodi tigwiritse ntchito chimango chachitsulo kuti tigwirizane ndi msonkhanowo, kapena kumamatira ndi konkire yachikhalidwe? Zosankha zonse zili ndi zifukwa zomveka. Tiyeni tiwone chilichonse momveka bwino:

① Nyumba Yamaofesi Yopanga Zitsulo

Ubwino (Zabwino)

● Kumanga Mwachangu: Mitanda ndi mizati amapangidwa kale mufakitale ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa pamalopo ngati midadada ya Lego. Nyumba ya nsanjika zitatu nthawi zambiri imatha kutha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi;

● Opepuka: Pansanjika zitatu zomwezo, chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala chopepuka pafupifupi 50% kuposa konkire. Katundu wam'munsi-otsika amatanthauza kuti mutha kusunga ndalama pamaziko;

● Kuchita Bwino kwa Chivomezi: Chitsulo chimasinthasintha ndiponso cholimba. Pakachitika chivomezi, chimapindika m’malo mosweka. M'madera okhala ndi zivomezi zazikulu, uwu ndi mwayi weniweni wopulumutsa moyo;

● Kugwirizana ndi Msonkhano: Gulu lomanga lomwelo ndi dongosolo lomwelo limagwira ntchito ponse paŵiri msonkhano ndi ofesi, kupangitsa kugwirizana kukhala kosavuta ndi kosavuta.

Zoyipa (zoyipa)

● Mtengo Wamtengo Wapatali: Chitsulo monga chopangira chimakwera mtengo;

● Chophimba Chosatentha ndi Moto N'chokwera Kwambiri: Chitsulo chimatha mphamvu chifukwa cha moto, choncho mizati ndi mizati zonse zimafunika zokutira zosapsa ndi moto. Konkire safuna mtengo wowonjezerawu konse;

● Kuopsa kwa Dzimbiri: Kumafunika utoto wabwino woletsa dzimbiri ndi kukonzedwanso nthawi zonse;

● Luso Lapamwamba Limafunika: Kuwotcherera, mabawuti, ndi kuyika mwatsatanetsatane kumafuna gulu laluso lomanga.

② Nyumba Yomanga Yamaofesi

Ubwino (Zabwino)

● Mtengo Wotsika: Zipangizo za konkire zokhazikika ndizotsika mtengo kuposa zitsulo;

● Zosawotcha Moto: Konkire imakana moto mwachibadwa, kupulumutsa 100% ya mtengo wopaka moto;

● Yamphamvu Ndiponso Yokhalitsa: Ikhoza kutha kwa zaka zambiri popanda kusamalitsa kwenikweni;

● Kumanga Kosavuta: Kukhazikitsa mipangidwe, kumanga zitsulo, ndi kuthira konkire ndi ntchito zanthawi zonse. Magulu ambiri omanga amatha kuchita izi, kotero amakhala osavuta kupeza ndikukambirana nawo.

Zoyipa (zoyipa)

● Kulemera Kwambiri: Kulemera kwakukulu kwazitsulo kumafuna malo okulirapo a maziko pansi pa nthaka yomweyi;

● Nthawi Yotalikirapo Yomanga: Kuika nkhungu, kuthira konkire, ndi kuyembekezera kuti kuchira kumatenga nthawi ndipo sikungafulumire;

● Kusalimba Pazivomezi: Konkire ndi yolemera komanso yolimba. Panthawi ya chivomezi, imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kusweka mosavuta, yopanda kusinthasintha kwachitsulo;

● Magulu Awiri Osiyana: Gulu lina limapanga zitsulo ndipo lina limapanga konkire. Kuwongolera magulu awiri osiyana ndi machitidwe kumawonjezera vuto la mgwirizano.

③ Kodi Kusiyana Kwa Mtengo Weniweni Ndi Chiyani?

Ndalama zomanga zimasintha malinga ndi dera komanso msika, kotero mitengo siili yofanana kulikonse. Koma nali mndandanda wamitengo yanthawi zonse (kutengera kuyerekeza kwa msika; mitengo yomaliza imadalira mawu akumaloko):

Pansi bwino, konkire ndi yotsika mtengo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri amakonda konkriti - pambuyo pake, kusunga ndalama nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.

④ Mlandu Umodzi Komwe Chitsulo Ndi Chosankha Chabwino

Ngati zotsatirazi zikuchitika palimodzi, muyenera kuganizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kachitsulo mwachindunji:

● High Earthquake Zone (monga Seismic Fortification Intensity of Degree 8 kapena apamwamba);

● Active Fault Line Pakatikati pa 10 km kuchokera Pamalopo: Muyenera kuwerengera mphamvu ya chivomerezi chowonjezera ("near-field effect"). Chifukwa nyumba zolemera kwambiri zimalandira mphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri za chivomerezi, izi zimapangitsa kuwerengera konkire kukhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo. Chitsulo ndi chopepuka, choncho sichikhudzidwa kwambiri.